Grupos funcionales de la macrofauna edáfica bajo manejos de rastrojos de maíz (Zea mays L.) mantenidos durante varios ciclos agrícolas en el Valle Inferior del río Negro, Norpatagonia, Argentina

Marina Quiroga; Julia Lucia Bazzani; Joaquín Elizondo; Lucio Gabriel Reinoso; Ana Ernestina Salazar Martínez; Roberto Simón  Martínez

doi:10.19137/semiarida.2025(Supl.).19-30

Marina Quiroga Centro de Investigación y Transferencia Rio Negro (CIT UNRN - CONICET) https://orcid.org/0009-0000-8942-2485
Julia Lucia Bazzani Centro de Investigación y Transferencia Rio Negro (CIT UNRN - CONICET) https://orcid.org/0009-0004-1122-957X
Joaquín Elizondo Universidad Nacional de Río Negro https://orcid.org/0009-0003-3507-8641
Lucio Gabriel Reinoso Centro de Investigación y Transferencia Rio Negro (CIT UNRN - CONICET) https://orcid.org/0009-0005-0362-2547
Ana Ernestina Salazar Martínez Instituto de Geomorfología y Suelos (IGS). Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo. UNLP. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0523-8048
Roberto Simón Martínez EEA INTA Valle Inferior de Rio Negro Centro de Investigación y Transferencia Rio Negro (CIT UNRN - CONICET) https://orcid.org/0009-0005-8217-0074

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.19137/semiarida.2025(Supl.).19-30

Keywords:

soil macrofauna, groups, crop residue management, Zea mays, irrigated agroecosystems

Abstract

This study evaluated the abundance of soil macrofauna by functional groups under different maize (Zea mays L.) residue management practices (buried, burned, and no-tillage) during 2018 and 2020 in the Lower Negro River Valley, Argentina. Macrofauna (>2 mm) was extracted using soil monoliths from plots with three treatments and replicates per year. Organisms were classified as ecosystem engineers, detritivores, herbivores, and predators. Additionally, soil variables such as moisture, bulk density, pH, electrical conductivity, and organic matter fractions were measured. A total of 869 individuals were collected, distributed across 24 families and 10 orders. Ecosystem engineers were the most abundant group, followed by detritivore-herbivores and predators. The no-tillage treatment showed greater total abundance compared to other treatments. However, when considering interactions among functional groups, management, and year, engineers and predators exhibited lower abundance under no-tillage, though engineers significantly increased their abundance in this treatment between 2018 and 2020. Earthworms (Crassiclitellata) and isopods (Isopoda) were the most representative taxa. Soil pH negatively affected engineers, while electrical conductivity was positively associated with detritivores. After three consecutive cycles under these management practices, macrofauna abundance was not favored, and burned residue proved particularly detrimental. The proportions of functional groups and their temporal variation reflect the degree of soil disturbance and the availability and quality of trophic resources. In this context, no-till appears to be the management option with the least impact on soil macrofauna abundance.

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Author Biographies

Marina Quiroga, Centro de Investigación y Transferencia Rio Negro (CIT UNRN - CONICET)

Marina Quiroga holds a Bachelor's degree in Biology with a focus on Ecology (UNLP) and is currently a PhD candidate in Biological Sciences (UNRC), supported by a CONICET doctoral fellowship. Since 2018, she has been a member of a research team focusing on soil biology and ecology in agroecosystems of the Lower Río Negro Valley. She has worked as an auxiliary lecturer at UNRN and co-supervised a degree thesis. Marina has participated in over 10 research and extension projects and completed more than 15 postgraduate courses, demonstrating her commitment to continuous learning. Her research investigates the effects of land use, management, and landscape on soil communities, with a particular emphasis on earthworms and their role in ecosystem processes like organic matter decomposition. She has contributed to various scientific publications and presented her work at national and international scientific events.

Julia Lucia Bazzani, Centro de Investigación y Transferencia Rio Negro (CIT UNRN - CONICET)

Julia Lucía Bazzani holds a Bachelor's degree in Biology with a specialization in Zoology from the National University of La Plata (UNLP). She is currently completing her PhD in Natural Sciences (UNLP) and a Specialization in University Teaching (UNRN). She serves as a Chief of Practical Works at the National University of Río Negro (UNRN), where she teaches various courses in the Natural Sciences area and delivers postgraduate courses. Her research focuses on soil ecology, specifically on soil fauna as a bioindicator of sustainability in irrigated agroecosystems. She has been part of interdisciplinary teams in over ten research and extension projects, both as a researcher and a fellow, and is currently involved in studies on the impact of agricultural management on soil biodiversity in Norpatagonia. She has supervised and co-supervised undergraduate theses and initiation fellowships. Julia is the author of scientific publications, book chapters, and presentations at national and international conferences. She has also participated in numerous training programs on ecology, agroecology, edaphology, applied statistics, and scientific writing. In university governance, she has served as a full council member on collegiate bodies at both UNRN and UNLP, and as a member of advisory committees for teaching positions. Her work integrates teaching, research, extension, and management, with a strong orientation towards soil biodiversity conservation and the sustainability of agro-productive systems.

Joaquín Elizondo, Universidad Nacional de Río Negro

Joaquín Elizondo is an Environmental Warden Technician graduated from the National University of Río Negro (UNRN), where he's currently pursuing his Bachelor's degree in Environmental Sciences. He's working on his undergraduate thesis, which focuses on the effect of different corn stover management practices on soil macrofauna in the Lower Río Negro Valley, as part of a research line related to soil ecology and agricultural production. He has participated in both office and field tasks for various environmental studies, including baseline assessments, fish sampling, and environmental diagnostics for metallic mining. He has served as an environmental warden in the Punta Bermeja Protected Area and as an environmental informant for the Río Negro Secretariat of Environment. Joaquín has additional training in rural fire prevention, species conservation, and controlled burning. His experience and education are oriented towards environmental management, conservation, and biodiversity monitoring in productive contexts.

Lucio Gabriel Reinoso, Centro de Investigación y Transferencia Rio Negro (CIT UNRN - CONICET)

Lucio Reinoso is an Agronomist and holds a Master's degree in Agricultural Sciences from the National University of the South. He serves as a regular Adjunct Professor at the National University of Río Negro (UNRN), where he teaches courses on Extensive Crops, Plant Therapeutics, and AgroTICs. He was also the Director of the Agronomy program from 2020 to 2024. As a researcher at CIT Río Negro (CONICET), he has led and co-led various projects focused on sustainable irrigation management, water and nutrient use efficiency, and soil macrofauna in irrigated agricultural systems in Norpatagonia. He is actively involved in human resource training, supervising undergraduate and postgraduate theses, and serving on academic juries. He has received fellowships from INTA, CERZOS-CONICET, and Columbia University, where he completed a diploma in water resource management. Lucio has a notable scientific output, with publications in national and international journals, book chapters, and presentations at specialized conferences. In terms of institutional management, he has served as a council member in various UNRN and INTA bodies, and participated in academic accreditation and planning processes. He has received awards for technological innovation applied to irrigation and has been internationally recognized for his work on irrigated corn. His research focuses on the interaction between agronomic management and soil biology, with an emphasis on the sustainability of irrigated systems.

Ana Ernestina Salazar Martínez, Instituto de Geomorfología y Suelos (IGS). Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo. UNLP.

Ana Ernestina Salazar Martínez holds a Ph.D. in Natural Sciences with a specialization in Ecology from the National University of La Plata (UNLP). She currently serves as an Adjunct Professor of General Ecology at the Faculty of Natural Sciences and Museum (FCNyM-UNLP) and is a Category III researcher. She has developed her academic career in the fields of soil ecology and acarology, integrating and leading multiple research projects on biodiversity, biological indicators, and agroecological systems. She has directed and co-directed undergraduate, postgraduate, and postdoctoral fellowships (CONICET, UNLP), and has supervised bachelor's and doctoral theses. She has actively contributed to human resource training through practical experiences, internships, and undergraduate, postgraduate, and extension courses. She is the author of over 30 peer-reviewed scientific publications, book chapters, and numerous papers presented at national and international conferences. She has served on thesis juries, teaching competition committees, and project and fellowship evaluation panels. Additionally, she has an extensive background in institutional and scientific management, including presiding over the Argentine Association of Soil Biology and Ecology and participating in scientific committees for Ecology and Soil Biology Congresses (CONEBIOS).

Roberto Simón Martínez, EEA INTA Valle Inferior de Rio Negro Centro de Investigación y Transferencia Rio Negro (CIT UNRN - CONICET)

Roberto Simón Martínez is an Agricultural Engineer, Master in Irrigation Engineering, and Doctor in Agricultural Science and Technology. He joined INTA in 2001, becoming a permanent staff member in 2005. He's part of the plant production workgroup at the EEA Lower Río Negro Valley. He holds a Category 3 Researcher status in the incentive program. Since 2011, he has been an Adjunct Professor at the National University of Río Negro, teaching "Topography and Landscape Workshop" and "Hydrology and Irrigation," and previously taught at the National University of Comahue. His primary research area involves efficient irrigation water management, soil characterization, and the impact of irrigation practices on soil properties and crop yields, particularly for corn and onion. He has led and participated in numerous research projects funded by institutions like Fontagro, GIRSAR, UNRN, and INTA, focusing on technologies to optimize water use, wastewater reuse, and water balance adjustments. In human resource training, he has directed two completed master's theses and co-directed two others. He also serves as a jury member for various master's and undergraduate theses and participates in evaluation committees for teaching competitions and fellowships. He has presented over 80 papers at national and international congresses, workshops, and symposiums, frequently speaking on irrigation, edaphology, and agricultural production. Additionally, he has contributed as a reviewer for scientific journals (Agrociencia and Revista de la Facultad de Agronomía de la Universidad Nacional de Cuyo) and has held institutional management roles, including serving as a member of the Advisory Council for the Agronomy program at UNRN.

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