The effect of the sowing date and the fertility on the yield and their components of three small grain species in the region of the plains with petrocalcic subsoil layer of La Pampa province

  • M. A. Fernández Universidad Nacional de La Pampa, Facultad de Agronomía, Cátedra de Cultivos II

Keywords:

small grains, sowing date, fertility, growing seasons,

Abstract

The objective of this work was to analyze the effect of the sowing date and the fertility on the grain yield and their components of three small grain species in the region of the plains with petrocalcic subsoil layer of La Pampa. With this purpose were used: durum wheat (Triticum durum Desf.), bread wheat (T. aestivum L.) and triticale (X Triticosecale Wittmack) during three growing seasons, in two sowing dates (principle of July and principle of August) and under two fertility conditions (control and nitrogen-phosphorous fertilizers). The first sowing dates always showed greater yield that the second. The reduction of the grain yield was given in its main part by a decrease in the number of grains for spike and in smaller measure of the weight grains. This diminution in the mentioned components showed in a smaller harvest index. The greatest variation in the grain yield was due to the effect of the growing season and its water availability, nevertheless that the sowing date and the genotype influenced significantly. The triticale was more stable before low water availability e conditions than durum and bread wheat. The fertilization showed an unequal behaviour, with one year in that the grain yield increased, another in that it didn't modify it and another in which produced a decrease in the same one. Lastly, the grain yield of small grains you can increase with handling tools that don't imply a great modification in the cost of production of a crop, as the election of the genotype and the sowing date.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Anderson, W.K. & W.R. Smith. 1990. Yield advantage of two semidwarf compared with two tall wheats depends on sowing time. Aust. J. Agrie. Res. 41: 811-826.

Bartlett, M.S. 1937. Some examples of statistical methods of research in agriculture and biology J. Roy. Stat. Soc. Suppl. 4:137-183.

Bell, M.A. & R.A. Fischer. 1994. Guide to plant and crop sampling: measurements and observations for agronomic and physiological research in small grain cereals. Wheat Special Report 32. CIMMYT. D. R, México. 66p.

Bozzini, A. 1988. Origin, distribution and production of durum wheat in the world, en: Durum wheat: chemistry and technology. (G. Fabriani. & C. Lintas eds.). Am. Assoc. Cereal Chemist Inc.. St. Paul. Min. EEUU. pp. 1-16.

Brancourt-Hulmel. M.. C. Lecompte & J. Meynard. 1999. A diagnosis of yield-limiting factors on probe genotypes for character ¡zing environments in winter wheat trials. Crop Sei. 39: 1798-1808.

Bray, R.H. & L.T. Kurtz. 1945. Determination of total, organic, and available forms of phosphorus in soils. Soil Sei. 59: 39-45.

Chen, C; W.A. Payne; R.W. Smiley & M.A. Stoltz. 2003. Yield and water-use efficieney of eight wheat cultivars planted on seven dates in northeastern Oregon. Agron. J. 95: 836-843.

Coehran, W.G.1954. The eombinations of estimates from differnt experiments. Biometries, 10:101-129.

Connor, D.J.; S. Theiveyanathan & G.M. Rimmington. 1992. Development, growth water-use and yield of a spring and winter wheat in response to time of sowing. Aust. J. Agrie. Res. 43: 493-516.

Cooper, M.; R.E. Stuei

Coventry, D.R.; T.G. Reeves; H.D. Brooke & D.K. Cann. 1993. Influenee of genotype, sowing date, and seeding rate

n wheat development and yield. Aust. J. Exp. Agric. 33: 751-757.

Dennett, M.D. 1999. Effeets of sowing date and the determination of optimum sowing date, en: Wheat ecology and physiology of yield determination. (E.iH.Satorre & G.A. Slafer eds.).Food Produets Press, New York, EEUU. pp. 45-65.

Donaldson, E.; W.F. Sehillinger & S.M. Dofing. 2001. Straw production and grain yield relationships in winter wheat. Crop. Sci. 41:100-106..

Evans, L.T. & I.F. Wardlaw. 1976. Aspects of the comparative physiology of grain yield in cereals. Adv. Agron. 28: 301-359.

Fiseher R.A. 1975. Yield potential in a dwarf spring wheat and the effeet of shading. Crop Sci. 15: 607-613.

Fiseher R.A. 1985. Number of kernels in wheat erops and the influence of solar radiation and temperature. J. Agrie. Sci. 105: 447-461.

Fokar, M.; A. Blum & H.T. Nguyen. 1998. Heat tolerance in spring wheat. II. Grain filling. Euphytiea, 104: 9-15.

Fowler, D.B. 1983. Influence of date of seeding on yield and other agronomie characters of winter wheat and re grown in Saskatehewan. Can. J. Plan Sei. 63: 109-113.

Frasehina J., M.B. Formiea & B. Masiero. 2001. Caracterizaeión del crecimiento de grano de trigo. V Cong. Nac. Trigo. Ill Simp. Nae. Cereales Siembra Otoño-Invernal. Villa C. Paz, Córdoba, Arg. 2p.

Frasehina J. & B. IVIasiero. 1994. Análisis de componentes de varianza en ensayos de trigo. Ill Cong. Nae. Trigo. I Simp. Nac. Cereales Siembra Otoño-Invernal. Bahía Blanca, Arg. pp. 145-146.

Green, CF., G.A. Paulson & J.D. Ivins. 1985. Time of sowing and the development of winter wheat. J. Agrie. Sci. 105: 217-221.

Hede, A.R. 2000. A new approach to triticale improvement, en: Researeh highlight of the CIMMYT wheat program, 1999-2000. pp. 21-26.

Kelley, K.W. 2001. Planting date and foliar fungicide effects on yield components and grain traits of winter wheat. Agron. J. 93:n380-389.

León, A; O. Rubiolo & M.C. Anon. 1996. Use of tritieale flour in eookies: quality factors. Cereals Chem. 73: 779- 784.

Li, C; W. Cao & T. Tai. 2001. Dynamics charaeteristic of floret primordium development in wheat. Field Crops Res. 71: 71-76.

Lin, C.S. & M.R. Binns. 1989. Comparison of unpredictable environmental variation generated by year and by seeding-time factors for measuring type 4 stability. Theor. Appl. Genet. 78: 61-64.

Loomis, R.S. & D.J. Connor. 2002. Ecología de cultivos. Productividad y manejo en sistemas agrarios. Ed. MundiPrensa, Madrid, Esp. 591 p.

Lorda, H.; Y. Beilini Saibene; A. Sipowicz; R. Colazo; Z. Roberto; J. Sarasola & P. Lueehetti. 2001. Resultados de la encuesta agrícola 1999. I. Región pampeana del proyecto RADAR. en: EEA INTA-Anguil, Bol. Div. Tée. NM. 50 p.

Miralles, D.J. & G.A. Slafer. 1990. Efectos de la temperatura, fecha de siembra y el tamaño del destino sobre la duración del área foliar durante la etapa de llenado de grano en trigo. II Cong. Nac. Trigo. Pergamino, Bs. As., Arg. pp. 99-110.

Ortiz-Monasterio, J.I.; S.S. Dhilon & R.A. Fischer. 1994. Date of sowing effects on grain yield and yield components of irrigated spring wheat cultivars and relationships with radiation and temperature in Ludhiana, India. Field Crops Res. 37: 169-184.

Otegui, M.E. & M. López Pereira. 2003. Fecha de siembra, en: Producción de granos. Bases funcionales para su manejo. (E.H. Satorre; R.L. Benech Arnold; G.A. Slafer; E.B. de la Fuente; D.J. Miralles; M.E. Otegui & R. Savin eds.). Fac. de Agron. Buenos Aires, Arg. pp. 375-440.

Pascale, A.J. & E.A. Damario. 2004. Clasificación por tipos agroclimáticos del cultivo de trigo. en: Bioclimatología agrícola y agroclimatología. (A.J. Pascale & E.A. Damario eds.). Fac. de Agron. Buenos Aires, Arg. pp. 418-436.

Pérez, G.T; RD. Ribotta; A.V. Aguirre; O.J. Rubiolo & E. León. 2004. Changes in proteins and starch granule size distribution during grain filling of triticale. Agriscientia 21:13-21.

Polidoro, O.; A. Calzolari; H. Conta & R. Garcia. 1998. Fechas de siembra del cultivo de trigo en el norte de la provincia de Buenos Aires, en: Actas IV Congreso Nacional de Trigo y . II Simposio Nac. de Cultivos de Siembra Otoño-Invernal. Mar del Plata, Arg.

Reynolds, M.P.; R. Trethowan; J. Crosa; M. Vargas & K.D. Sayre. 2004. Physiological factors associated with genotype by environment interaction in wheat. Field Crops Res. 85: 253-274.

Rubiolo O.; S. Ferretti; P. Ribotta; A. Aguirre & A. León. 1998. Incidencia de contenido proteico de las harinas de triticale sobre su aptitud para elaborar galletitas. información Tecnológica, 9: 87-91.

Savin, R. 1990. Duración y tasa de crecimiento de granos en trigo: Efecto de la fecha de siembra. II Cong. Nac. Trigo. Pergamino, Bs. As., Arg. pp. 51-58.

Snedecor, G.W. & W.G. Cochran. 1977. Métodos estadísticos. C.E.C.S.A., D.F., México. 703p.

Sofield, I.; L.T. Evans; M.G. Cook & I.F. Wardlaw. 1977. Factors influencing the rate and duration of grain filling in wheat. Aust. J. Plant Physiol. 4: 785-797.

Soli's Moya, E., M. Hernández Martínez, A. Borodanenko, J.L. Aguilar Acuña & O.A. Grajeda Cabrera. 2004. Duración de la etapa reproductiva y el rendimiento de trigo. Rev. Fitotec. Mex. 27: 323-332.

Spaner, D.; A.G. Todd & D.B. McKenzie. 2000. The effect of seeding date and N fertilization on winter wheat yield and yield components in eastern New Foundland. Can. J. Plant. Sci. 80:703-711.

Stapper, M. & R.A. Fischer. 1990. Genotype, sowing date and plant spacing influence on high-yielding irrigated wheat in southern New South Wales. II. Growth, yield and nitrogen use. Aust. J. Agrie. Res. 41:1021-1041.

Steel, R.G.D. & J.H. Torrie. 1989. Bioestadistica: principios y procedimientos. Ed. Me GrawHill/ Interamericana, D.F. México. 514 p.

Schwarte, A.J.; L.R. Gibson; D.L. Karlen; P.M. Dixon; M. Liebman & J. Jannink. 2006. Planting datß effects on winter triticale grain yield and yield components. Crop Sci. 46: 1218-1224.

Thornthwaite, C.W. 1948. An approach toward a rational classification of climate. Geogr. Rev. 38: 85-94.

Troyer, A.F. 1996. Breeding for widely adapted popular maize hybrids. Euphytica 92:163-174.

Vergara, G.T. & G.A. Casagrande. 2002. Estadísticas agroclimáticas de la Facultad de Agronomía, Santa Rosa, La Pampa, Argentina. Rev. Fac. Agron. UNLPam. 13:1-70.

Walkley, A & I Black. 1934. An examination of the DegtjarefF method and a proposed modification of the chromic matter and a proposed modification of the chromic acid titration method. Soil Sci. 34: 29-38.

West, P W. & G. L. Lyies. 1960. A new method for the determination of nitrates. Anal. Chim. Acta. 23: 227-232.

Zadoks, J.C; T.T Chang & CF. Konzak. 1974. A decimal code for the growth stages of cereals. Weed Res. 14: 415-421.

Published

2020-04-03

How to Cite

Fernández, M. A. (2020). The effect of the sowing date and the fertility on the yield and their components of three small grain species in the region of the plains with petrocalcic subsoil layer of La Pampa province. Semiárida, 19, 63–80. Retrieved from https://ojs.unlpam.edu.ar/index.php/semiarida/article/view/4576

Issue

Section

Artículos Científicos y Técnicos